| 摘要: |
| 鲜天麻是一种营养丰富、功效显著的药食同源药材，但是鲜天麻组织脆嫩、富含微生物，在贮藏和运输过程中极易受到机械损伤和微生物侵害而腐败变质，严重影响其食用和商品价值，因此研究鲜天麻的高效保鲜技术延长其货架期是亟待解决的产业瓶颈问题。综述分析鲜天麻的物理损伤、酶促褐变和内源微生物等腐败机制，并重点阐述了现有物理保鲜技术（臭氧、低温、气调、包装、超高压、60Go-γ辐照处理）、化学保鲜技术（化学保鲜剂、涂膜技术）以及生物保鲜技术（生物保鲜剂、组培技术）的作用原理、方式、保鲜效果、技术缺陷等，旨在为新鲜天麻保鲜技术研究提供参考，促进鲜天麻资源发展。 |
| 关键词: 鲜天麻 物理保鲜 化学保鲜 生物保鲜 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2023.01.001 |
| 分类号:R282.4 |
| 基金项目:湖北省现代农业产业技术体系（HBHZD-ZB-2020-005）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-21）；湖北省农业科技创新中心2020年度重大科技研发项目-道地药材安全高效生产关键技术研究与示范（2020-620-000-002-04）；湖北省重点研发计划项目-道地药材黄连、湖北贝母新品种培育及关键技术研究（2020BCA059） |
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| Research progress on influencing factors and related technologies of storage and preservation of fresh Gastrodia elata |
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YAN Yuxin1,2, LI Yu1, YAN Jiali3, TAN Xuhui1, LIAO Lujing1, HE Yinsheng1, LUO Kai2
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1.Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Enshi 445000，Hubei， China;2.School of Biological and Food Engineering， Hubei University for Nationalities， Enshi 445000， Hubei， China;3.Hubei Institute of Geosciences， Wuhan 430000， Hubei， China
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| Abstract: |
| Gastrodia elata is a kind of medicinal and edible homologous material with rich nutrition and significant efficacy. However， fresh G. elata is brittle and rich in microorganisms， which is easy to be damaged by mechanical damage and microorganisms during storage and transportation. The spoilage of fresh G. elata will seriously affect its edible and commodity value. Therefore， it is an urgent bottleneck problem to study the efficient preservation technology of fresh G. elata to extend its shelf life. The physical damage， enzymatic browning and endogenous microorganism decay mechanism of fresh G. elata are reviewed. And we focus on the principles， methods， preservation effects， technical defects of the existing physical preservation technology （ozone， low temperature， gas conditioning， packaging， ultra-high pressure， 60Go-γ irradiation treatment）， chemical preservation technology （chemical preservative and coating technology） and biological preservation technology （biological preservative and tissue culture technology） of fresh G. elata， so as to provide a reference for further research to solve the problem of fresh G. elata preservation and promote the development of G. elata industry. |
| Key words: fresh G. elata physical preservation chemical preservation biological preservation |
