| 摘要: |
| 为探讨大水面网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟后备亲鱼的适宜投喂量与养殖效益，将平均体质量为（6.15±0.23） kg的4龄俄罗斯鲟（Acipenser gueldenstaedtii）后备亲鱼（雌性）养殖在网箱中，以养殖基地日常投饵率（feeding rate， FR）计算的投喂量（feeding quantity， FQ）为基准，设置C-1（80%×FQ）、C-2（90%×FQ）、C-3（100%×FQ）、C-4（110%×FQ）四个投喂水平，研究不同投喂水平对俄罗斯鲟后备亲鱼生长性能和养殖效益的影响，并设置上游、实验点和下游三个水质监测点，评价养殖生产对湖区水环境的影响。结果表明，C-1组成活率显著低于其他组（P<0.05），C-2、C-3、C-4组成活率均超过99%，且无显著性差异（P>0.05）；C-4组增重率显著高于C-1组（P<0.05），其他各组之间增重率无显著性差异（P>0.05）；饵料系数C-3对照组和C-4组都显著高于C-1组（P<0.05），而其他各组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）；成活率、增重率和饵料系数均随着投喂量的增加而逐渐提高，但C-3和C-4组较C-2组提高不显著（P>0.05）。C-2组所发生的养殖成本是（6.35±0.28）元/kg，且显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；相应地，C-2组获得的养殖效益是（11.66±0.28）元/kg，且显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。对实验区域及上下游水质监测结果表明，水环境指标在一定程度上受到养殖活动，尤其是投喂量的影响。随着时间推移，水温和pH值呈现季节性变化，各监测点总氮（total nitrogen， TN）、总磷（total phosphorus， TP）、氨氮（ammonia nitrogen， AN）和高锰酸盐指数（hypermanganate index， HI）的值总体变化趋势基本一致，监测值除TN外均低于地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002）中的Ⅱ类水质标准。因此，建议将目前日常投喂量从100%×FQ降至90%×FQ，以达到降低养殖成本、提高经济和生态效益的目的。 |
| 关键词: 投喂量 俄罗斯鲟 后备亲本 成本效益 水环境 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2021.06.004 |
| 分类号:S964.6 |
| 基金项目:衢州市科技计划竞争性项目（2020K27） |
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| Analysis on the feeding quantity and benefit of the reserve broodstock of Russian sturgeon in net cages in large water bodies |
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SHAO Hui1,2, HU Mou2, WANG Xiance1, XU Shijian2, XIA Yongtao1,2, WANG Bin1,2
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1.Hangzhou Qiandaohu Xunlong Sci-Tech Co.， Ltd.，Hangzhou 311701， Zhejiang， China;2.Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Food Sci-Tech Development Co.，Ltd.，Quzhou 324000， Zhejiang， China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the feeding quantity and breeding benefits of reserve broodstock of Russian sturgeon in net cages in large water bodies， the reserve broodstocks （female） of 4-year-old Russian sturgeon with an average bodyweight of （6.15±0.23） kg were cultured in net cages， and the feeding quantity （FQ） calculated based on the daily feeding rate （FR） of the breeding base was used as the benchmark to set four feeding levels of C-1 （80%×FQ）， C-2 （90%×FQ）， C-3 （100%×FQ）， and C-4 （110%×FQ） to study the effects of different feeding levels on the growth performance and breeding benefits. Three water quality monitoring points （upstream， test site and downstream） were set up to evaluate the impact of aquaculture production on the lake water environment. The results showed that the survival rate of C-1 was significantly lower than that of the other groups （P<0.05）. The survival rates of C-2， C-3， and C-4 all exceeded 99%， and there was no significant difference （P>0.05）. The weight gain rate of C-4 group was significantly higher than that of C-1 group （P<0.05）， and there was no significant difference in weight gain rate between other groups （P>0.05）. The feed conversion ratio of the C-3 and C-4 groups were significantly higher than that of the C-1 group （P<0.05）， while there was no significant difference between the other groups （P>0.05）. Survival rate， weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio all gradually increased with the increase of feeding amount， but the increase in C-3 and C-4 groups was not significant compared with C-2 group （P>0.05）. The lowest breeding cost was recorded in C-2 （6.35±0.28 yuan/kg）than the other groups （P<0.05）. In addition， the breeding benefit obtained in the group of C-2 （11.66±0.28 yuan/kg） was significantly higher than the other groups （P<0.05）. The results of water quality monitoring in the experimental area and upstream and downstream indicate that the water environment indicators are affected to a certain extent by aquaculture activities， especially the amount of feeding. The water temperature and pH value show seasonal changes over time. The changing trends of the values of TN（total nitrogen）， TP（total phosphorus）， AN（ammonia nitrogen） and HI（hypermanganate index） at each monitoring point are basically the same. Except for TN， the monitored values are all lower than the Class II water quality standard in the surface water environmental quality standard （GB 3838-2002）. Therefore， in order to reduce breeding costs and improve economic and ecological benefits，we suggest that the current daily feeding rates o could be reduced from 100%×FQ to 90%×FQ. |
| Key words: feeding quantity Russian sturgeon（Acipenser gueldenstaedtii） reserve broodstock cost-benefit water environment |
