| 摘要: |
| 微生物是引起饱水木材降解劣化的主要因素之一。本文利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析明代“南澳Ⅰ号”古沉船船体饱水木材样品的原核微生物群落多样性，探讨饱水木材的原核微生物降解机制。结果表明：饱水木材样品与沉积物中的原核微生物种群丰富，且在含量上存在一定差异。在门水平上存在7个共有的优势菌门，分别为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、螺旋体门（Spirochaetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）。海底现场取的木材样品的菌群种类相似，存在丰富的厌氧、可以降解木材的菌群，但是含量存在着明显的差异；海底沉积物的细菌多样性及含量与木材样品存在明显的差异。脱盐过程中的木材样品含有大量好氧的铁氧化细菌（Ferritrophicum， 8%）和脱硫菌（Desulfurivibrio，5.27%），可能参与铁硫元素的转化。结果表明原核微生物多样性是饱水木材保护过程中需重点关注的问题。 |
| 关键词: 饱水木材 细菌群落 高通量测序技术 “南澳Ⅰ号”古沉船 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2021.05.013 |
| 分类号:Q938 |
| 基金项目:广东省文化繁荣发展专项资金（粤财教〔2018〕197号） |
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| Prokaryotic microbial diversities of archaeological waterlogged wood from Ming dynasty shipwreck |
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WANG Yali
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Guangdong Museum， Guangdong Conservation Centre， Guangzhou 510623， Guangdong， China
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| Abstract: |
| Microbial biodegradation is one of the main reasons for waterlogged wood degradation. To analyze the prokaryotic microbial diversities of the waterlogged wood from the Nan’ao Ⅰ shipwreck of Ming dynasty， Illumia Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique was used. The results showed that different waterlogged wood samples and sediment samples had abundant bacterial communities， and there were some difference in the content. The common predominant phyla were Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Bacteroidetes， Spirochaetes， Firmicutes， Acidobacteria， and Thaumarchaeota. The bacterial communities in the waterlogged wood samples were similar， and there were abundant anaerobic bacteria that could degrade waterlogged wood， but the content was obviously different. There were significant differences in bacterial diversities and content between seafloor sediments and waterlogged wood samples. A large number of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria （Ferritrophicum ，8.38%）and desulfurizing bacteria （Desulfurivibrio，5.27%）may be responsible for sulfur and iron cycling in waterlogged wood samples during desalination. These results indicate that prokaryotic microbial diversities should be taken in consideration during the conservation of waterlogged wood. |
| Key words: waterlogged wood bacterial community high-throughput sequencing technology Nan’ao Ⅰ shipwreck |
