摘要: |
黑色素(melanin)是一类化学结构极其复杂、非均质的酚类或吲哚类物质聚合体,是自然界中最为丰富的天然色素,广泛存在于各种动物、植物和微生物中。根据合成途径和中间代谢产物的不同,黑色素主要可分为为真黑素(eumelanin)、棕黑素(pheomelanin)、异黑色素(allomelanin)三大类。其中异黑色素又包括脓黑素(pyomelanin)、1,8-二羟基萘(dihydroxynaphalene, DHN)黑色素等。基于黑色素的生化功能,它们在工业、医药、农业中都有广泛用途,是重要的生物资源。本文主要介绍天然黑色素在动植物和微生物中的合成途径、生物学功能以及有潜力的获取方法和应用前景。 |
关键词: 黑色素 合成途径 酪氨酸酶 提取 应用 |
DOI:10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.06.006 |
分类号:Q939.97 |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31770052);国家基础科学人才培养基金资助项目(J1103513);武汉大学实验教学中心开放实验资助项目 |
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Biosynthesis, function and applications of melanin |
CHEN Haiyan, CHEN Xiangdong, YU Lishan
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College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
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Abstract: |
Melanin is a kind of phenol or indole polymers which is heterogeneous with extremely complex chemical structure . It is the most abundant natural pigment and widely exists in various animals, plants and microorganisms. The main types of melanin are eumelanin, pheomelanin and allomelanin. Among them, allomelanin includes pyomelanin and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin. Based on the biochemical function, melanin is widely used in industry, medicine and agriculture as important biological resources. This paper focuses on the biosynthesis and biological function of natural melanin in animals, plants and microorganisms as well as the potential acquisition methods and applications. |
Key words: melanin biosynthesis tyrosinase extraction application |