| 摘要: |
| 2014年至2017年，对涔天河国家湿地公园鱼类区系结构进行了7次实地调查，分析了湿地公园的鱼类区系结构现状及其主要影响因素。结果显示，本研究所记录的53种鱼类，隶属4目13科，其中鲤形目（Cypriniformes）种类最多，有4科37种（占总种类数的69.81%），其次是鲇形目（Siluriformes）3科7种（13.21%），鲈形目（Perciformes）4科6种（11.32%），合鳃鱼目（Synbranchiformes）种类最少，只有2科3种（占5.66%）。生态类型以山溪流水性（21种，占总数的39.62%）、杂食性（30种，占56.60%）和底栖性（27种，占50.94%）为主。其中有15种鱼为中国特有种，1种鱼是湖南省地方重点保护物种。影响涔天河国家湿地公园鱼类区系结构的主要因素为水利工程建设和过度捕捞，建议通过加强鱼类繁殖保护、强化禁渔期管理、开展涉水工程对水生态系统的影响等相关科学研究、加强水质监测和管理、建立种质资源库和严格执法等措施对该湿地公园的鱼类资源进行保护。 |
| 关键词: 鱼类区系 生态类型 生态保护 涔天河国家湿地公园 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.06.005 |
| 分类号:Q-9 |
| 基金项目:环境保护部生物多样性保护专项资助项目（SDZXWJZ012016050） |
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| Current status and protection countermeasures of fish fauna structure of Centian River National Wetland Park in Jianghua， Hunan |
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YUAN Saibo1, LIU Suqun2,3, XIANG Ying4, YUAN Guoqing2, WU Tao4, PAN Fengliu4, ZHANG Youxiang4, LI Xianwen5
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1.Wuhan City Flood Control Survey and Design Institute Limited Company， Wuhan 430014， Hubei， China;2.Institute of Hydrobiology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Wuhan 430072， Hubei， China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China;4.College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences， Jishou University， Jishou 416000， Hunan， China;5.Centian River National Wetland Park Administration of Jianghua Yao Autonomous County， Yongzhou 425000， Hunan， China
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| Abstract: |
| From 2014 to 2017， seven surveys were conducted on the fish fauna structure in Centian River National Wetland Park， and the current situation and main influencing factors of fish fauna structure were analyzed. The study showed： 53 fish species were collected and identified， which belonged to 4 orders， 13 families. Cypriniformes was dominant in the area， which included 37 species belonging to 4 families， accounted for 69.81% of the total species， followed by Siluriformes （3 families of 7 species） and Perciformes （4 families of 6 species）， accounted for 13.21% and 11.32% respectively. Synbranchiformes included the least number of species， only 3 species belonging to 2 families and accounted for 5.66%. Ecological types of fish communities were dominated by mountain stream （21 species， 39.62%）， omnivore （30 species， 56.60%） and demersal （27 species， 50.94%）. Among them， 15 species were endemic to China and 1 species belonged to the emphasized protective animals of Hunan Province. The main factors affecting fish fauna structure in Centian River National Wetland Park were the construction of water conservancy projects and overfishing. It is recommended that fish stock in the Wetland Park should be protected by strengthening the protection of fish reproduction and the management of closed fishing season， carrying out scientific research on water engineering and water ecology， strengthening water quality monitoring and management， establishing germplasm resource bank and strictly enforcing the law. |
| Key words: fish fauna ecological type ecological protection Centian River National Wetland Park |
