| 摘要: |
| 微生物视紫红质是广泛存在于微生物中的一类光敏性膜蛋白。这类蛋白可划分为两个蛋白家族：I型微生物视紫红质和近期发现的阳光视紫红质。两个蛋白家族的七跨膜螺旋结构相似，但膜拓扑结构朝向相反。它们通过共有的七个跨膜螺旋的构象变化和相似的光循环反应，执行完全不同的光介导的能量和信号转导过程。本文系统综述了微生物视紫红质的研究进展，包括其发现、分类、结构功能、生态学意义及其在生物技术中的应用。 |
| 关键词: 微生物视紫红质 视黄醛 离子泵 感光蛋白 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32170021）；国家微生物菌种库建设（NIMR-2023-3） |
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| Research Progress on Microbial Rhodopsins |
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| Abstract: |
| Microbial rhodopsins are a diverse group of photoreceptive proteins found throughout the microbial world. These proteins are categorized into two families: Type I microbial rhodopsins and the recently discovered microbial heliorhodopsins. Both families feature seven transmembrane helices with similar structures but have opposing membrane orientations. These rhodopsins participate in a portfolio of light-driven energy and sensory transduction processes through conformational changes during their photocycle. In this overview, we discuss the discovery, classification, functional molecular structure, and the biological and ecological roles of these two rhodopsin families. |
| Key words: Microbial rhodopsin retinal ion pump photosensor |
