| 摘要: |
| Argonaute（Ago）蛋白是具有核酸结合能力的蛋白质，有些具有核酸内切酶活性。Ago蛋白在生物体中普遍存在，过去人们主要关注来源于真核生物的真核Ago蛋白，它可以结合小干扰RNA组成RNA诱导沉默复合体，是RNA干扰途径中的重要一环。近年来，人们开始关注原核Ago蛋白。与真核Ago蛋白不同，原核Ago蛋白的结构更加多样，可以分为长型原核Ago蛋白、短型原核Ago蛋白和PIWI-RE这三大类，而且更倾向于结合单链DNA进行DNA干扰。不同的原核Ago蛋白通过DNA引导的DNA干扰、RNA引导的DNA干扰等体内干扰途径，利用其识别和结合核酸的能力、核酸酶活性或与其他核酸酶协同作用来抵御外来核酸，为宿主提供免疫保护。由于部分原核Ago蛋白具有对DNA链或RNA链的靶向识别和切割能力，因此可以开发为可编程人工限制性内切酶，还能应用在核酸检测、基因突变检测、荧光原位杂交技术等方面，并且在基因编辑方面具有巨大的应用潜力。概述了Ago蛋白的分类、生理功能，以及原核Ago蛋白的体内干扰途径及其应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 原核Argonaute蛋白 DNA干扰 核酸切割 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20240329002 |
| 分类号:Q93 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31770072） |
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| Prokaryotic Argonaute-mediated interference and its application |
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ZHANG Huan, LI Huai, TANG Xiaofeng
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College of Life Sciences， Wuhan University， Wuhan 430072， Hubei， China
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| Abstract: |
| Argonaute （Ago） proteins are nucleic acid-binding proteins， some of which have endonuclease activity. Ago proteins are widely present in organisms. In the past， researchers mainly focused on eukaryotic Ago proteins. Eukaryotic Ago proteins load small interfering RNAs to form the RNA-induced silencing complex， which is an important part of the RNA interference pathways. In recent years， people have begun to focus on prokaryote Ago proteins. Different from eukaryotic Ago proteins， prokaryotic Ago proteins are more structurally diverse and can be categorized into three main groups： long prokaryotic Ago proteins， short prokaryotic Ago proteins， and PIWI-RE. They are more inclined to bind to single-stranded DNA for DNA interference. Different prokaryotic Ago proteins participate in DNA-guided DNA interference， RNA-guided DNA interference and other interference pathways in vivo， providing immune protection to the host through their ability to recognize and bind nucleic acids， nuclease activity or synergistic interaction with other nucleases to resist foreign nucleic acids. Since some of the prokaryotic Ago proteins have the ability to target recognition and cleavage of DNA or RNA strands， they can be developed as programmable artificial restriction endonuclease. Prokaryotic Ago proteins can also be applied in nucleic acid detection， gene mutation detection， fluorescence in situ hybridization technology， etc.， and have great application potential in gene editing. In this paper， we provide a review of the classification and physiological functions of Ago proteins， the in vivo interference pathways and application prospect of prokaryotic Ago proteins. |
| Key words: prokaryotic Argonaute（pAgo） DNA interference nucleic acid cleavage |
