| 摘要: |
| 贵州因独特的山地环境和复杂的气候条件，孕育了丰富的有毒植物资源，同时贵州是少数民族聚集地，对有毒植物的利用极具民族特色。为加强有毒植物识别，有效规避毒害风险，更好地开发利用有毒植物资源，通过文献收集和野外调研贵州境内有毒维管植物，对其科属种资源分布、生活型组成、毒性特征、利用价值等进行了统计分析。经调查后发现，贵州有毒维管植物有523种，隶属于113科336属，其中优势科为豆科（Fabaceae）、菊科（Asteraceae）、夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）、大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）、杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）、天南星科（Araceae），优势属为杜鹃属（Rhododendron）、大戟属（Euphorbia）、茄属（Solanum）、天南星属（Arisaema）。生活型以草本植物最多，占48.56%，灌木次之。在黔南和黔西南有毒物种分布较丰富；有毒部位以全株有毒为主，占42.48%；毒性成分以苷类为主，占43.40%；以消化系统急性中毒症状为主，占65.97%。药用植物以全株药用为主，占41.49%；功能主治用于骨伤科最多，占42.26%。利用价值有45种可食用、138种可观赏、201种有经济价值、478种可药用。通过贵州有毒维管植物资源初步调查研究，基本厘清了贵州有毒植物资源，对贵州有毒植物识别和科普宣传、中毒预防与控制及监测、中毒案事件侦查及毒物溯源、深入研究和合理利用开发具有重要的参考价值。 |
| 关键词: 贵州 有毒维管植物 资源调查 开发利用 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2024.02.009 |
| 分类号:Q949 |
| 基金项目:贵州省教育厅自然科学项目（黔教合KY［2021］076） |
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| Preliminary investigation on poisonous vascular plant resources in Guizhou Province |
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TU Guozhang, ZHANG Xianqiang, CHENG Guiping
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Guizhou Police College， Guiyang 550005，Guizhou，China
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| Abstract: |
| Due to the unique mountainous environment and complex climatic conditions， Guizhou has abundant poisonous plant resources.At the same time， Guizhou is a gathering place for ethnic minorities， and the use of toxic plants has strong ethnic characteristics.In order to strengthen the identification of poisonous plants， effectively avoid the risk of toxicity，and better develop and utilize toxic plant resources， this study analyzed the resource distribution， life form composition， toxicity characteristics and utilization value of the species according to literature collection and field investigation of poisonous vascular plants in Guizhou. There are 523 species of poisonous vascular plants in Guizhou， belonging to 336 genera in 113 families， among which the dominant families are Fabaceae， Asteraceae， Apocynaceae， Euphorbiaceae，Ericaceae and Araceae， the dominant genera are Rhododendron， Euphorbia， Solanum， and Arisaema. Herbs are the most common type of life form， accounting for 48.56%，followed by shrubs. Poisonous species are more abundant in southern and southwestern Guizhou. The poisonous parts are mainly toxic by the whole plant， accounting for 42.48%.The poisonous components are mainly glycosides， accounting for 43.40%.The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning of the digestive system are the most common， accounting for 65.97%. Medicinal plants are mainly whole plants， accounting for 41.49%， and the main medicinal functions are used in orthopedics， accounting for 42.26%. Their utilization value includes 45 edible， 138 ornamental， 201 economic， and 478 medicinal. The investigation of the poisonous vascular plant resources in Guizhou has an important reference value for the identification and popularization， poisoning prevention and control and detection， investigation of poisoning cases， poison traceability， in-depth research and rational utilization and development of the poisonous plants. |
| Key words: Guizhou poisonous vascular plant resource survey development and utilization |
