| 摘要: |
| 随着宠物猫在人们生活中的普及,流浪猫问题日益严重。2021年9月-2022年12月,采用样线法对武汉大学校园地区流浪猫进行了种群调查,根据重捕法模型估算种群规模；通过定位项圈跟踪20只流浪猫,确定它们的家域范围；并根据流浪猫的警戒行为划分警戒等级,对流浪猫的警戒行为差异进行分析。结果显示,武汉大学的流浪猫密度约为1只/公顷,绝育率较低,校园流浪猫的家域范围为4.99±0.84公顷；此外,校园流浪猫85%的时间都在喂食点半径100米以内活动,且喂食点密度越高,流浪猫活动范围和移动距离越小；在不同性别上,雄性流浪猫的活动范围大于雌性,而绝育与否不影响活动范围；在警戒行为方面,校园流浪猫警戒性低于传统流浪猫,随着喂食点密度增加,流浪猫警戒行为随之降低。本研究表明,校园流浪猫数量较多,绝育率低,家域范围小,且主要分布在喂食点附近。喂食点密度对流浪猫的日常行为有显著影响：喂食点的增加会导致流浪猫的家域范围缩小,警戒行为降低。对此提出的管控建议：1)控制校园流浪猫数量,主要方法包括：监管遗弃流浪猫行为,施行TNR(Trap-Neuter-Return,捕捉-绝育-放归)策略,倡导对校园流浪猫的收养；2)设置集中喂食点,提高部分区域的喂食点密度,降低流浪猫警戒性和家域范围。研究结果为校园流浪猫的管理提供了数据和理论支持。 |
| 关键词: 流浪猫，家域范围，警戒行为，种群调查 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
|
| A preliminary study on behavioral ecology of free-ranging cats on Wuhan University campus |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| With the rising popularity of pet cats, free-ranging cats have become increasingly visible, posing a growing concern with significant social and ecological impacts. From September 2021 to December 2022, a comprehensive survey of the free-ranging cat population on the Wuhan University campus was carried out using the line transect method, estimating cat numbers through the capture-mark-recapture approach. Twenty free-ranging cats were tracked with positioning collars to determine their home ranges, and alert levels were categorized based on observed alert behaviors. The findings revealed a density of approximately 1 cat per hectare (ha) on the Wuhan University campus, coupled with a low rate of neutering. The home range of free-ranging cats on campus is 4.99±0.84 ha, with a noteworthy 85% of their time spent within a 100-meter radius of feeding locations. A negative correlation emerged between home range and feeding location density, indicating that an increased density of feeding points led to a reduction in the home range. Examining gender differences, male cats exhibited a larger activity range than females, with neutering showing no discernible effect on activity range. In terms of alert behavior, campus free-ranging cats demonstrated lower vigilance compared to their traditional counterparts. As the density of feeding locations rose, alert behaviors among free-ranging cats decreased.. This study highlighted that campus free-ranging cats are more abundant, exhibit a low neutering rate, have smaller home ranges, and predominantly inhabit areas proximate to feeding locations. The density of feeding locations significantly influences the daily behavior of free-ranging cats, with an increase in feeding points correlating with a reduction in home range and alert behavior. Recommendations for control measures include: 1) regulating the number of free-ranging cats on campus through measures such as controlling abandonment, implementing Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, and promoting the adoption of free-ranging cats on campus; 2) establishing centralized feeding locations and increasing feeding point density in specific areas to mitigate alertness and home range of free-ranging cats. This study offers new empirical data and theoretical insights for the management of campus free-ranging cats. |
| Key words: free-ranging cats home range alert behavior population survey |
