| 摘要: |
| 湿地是自然界生物多样性丰富、人类赖以生存和发展的环境之一，在生态系统中扮演着十分重要的角色。以往对湿地鱼类的研究一直相对匮乏，不利于进行湿地保护和湿地公园的开发和建设，本研究基于2021—2022年期间对海口市典型的湿地—五源河湿地公园的鱼类群落调查数据，研究了该湿地公园鱼类群落结构及其多样性。结果显示，此次调查发现该湿地公园鱼类70种，隶属9目28科61属，其中纯淡水鱼类41种，河口鱼类29种；纯淡水鱼类中土著鱼类29种，外来鱼类12种 ；受威胁鱼类6种，海南特有种2种。湿地公园鱼类生态类型以杂食性、底层性、定居性鱼类为主；海南似鱎（Toxabramis houdemeri）、齐氏非鲫(Coptodon zillii)、须鲫（Carassius auratus）、豹纹翼甲鲇(Pterygoplichthys pardalis)为该湿地公园的优势种；鱼类群落的Shannon-Weiner指数、Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数平均值为2.11、5.19、0.59和0.26。研究结果表明，五源河湿地公园的鱼类多样性较高，但部分河段受到外来物种入侵和人为干扰的影响较大，亟需开展针对性的保护措施。 |
| 关键词: 五源河 湿地公园 群落结构 鱼类多样性 外来鱼类 |
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| 基金项目:海南省自然科学基金项目资助（320MS117）；海南省科技项目资助（ZDYF2023SHFZ132）；海南省科技项目资助（ZDYF2021XDNY299）；海南省海洋与渔业科学院省本级项目资助（KYL-2022-13）；海南省自然科学基金项目资助( 320ＲC748)。 |
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| Study on fish community structure and diversity of Wuyuanhe National Wetland Park in Haikou |
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LIgaojun1, ZHAO guangjun2, GUyuan2, CAIxingwei2, GU Dangen3, YU Fandong3, LI Fangyuan2, DONG Yang2, CHEN Zhi4, SHEN Zhixin2
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1.Academic Of Ocean And Fisheries Of Hainan Province;2.Hainan Academy of Ocean ang Fisheries Sciences;3.Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute;4.Hainan Tropical Ocean University
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| Abstract: |
| Wetlands are species-rich habitats underpinning the survival and development of human beings, and performing an important role in ecosystem services. However, the limited studies on wetlands’ fish faunas can hardly aid the wetland conservation as well as the construction and development of wetlands. In this study, we conducted fish surveys from 2021 to 2022 in the Wuyuan River Wetland Park, a typical wetland in Haikou City, to reveal the community composition and biodiversity for fish assemblages. Our results showed that: (1) A species pool of 70 species belonging to 61 genera, 28 families and 9 orders were collected, with 41 species dwelling in freshwater and 29 species dwelling in brackish water. (2) Among the freshwater fishes in the wetland park, there were 29 native species, 12 exotic species, 6 threatened species, and 2 endemic species of Hainan Province. (3) Omnivorous, demersal and resident fishes accounted for the dominant ecological types in the Wuyuan River Wetland Park. (4) The dominant species in the wetland park were Toxabramis houdemeri, Coptodon zillii, Carassius auratus, and Pterygoplichthys pardalis. (5) The averaged Shannon-Weiner index, Margalef index, Pielou’s evenness index, and Simpson index were 2.11, 5.19, 0.59, and 0.26 respectively. Given the relatively high fish diversity in the Wuyuan River Wetland Park, the severe impacts of exotic species invasion and anthropogenic disturbance in several reaches of the basin highlight the importance of specific conservation implementation |
| Key words: Wuyuan River Wetland Park Community structure Fish diversity Non-native fish |
