| 摘要: |
| 有毒植物严重威胁群众健康和社会公共安全,加强有毒植物识别,有效规避毒害风险,为更好地开发利用有毒植物资源提供参考。通过文献收集和野外调研贵州境内有毒维管植物,对其科属种资源分布、生活型组成、毒性特征、利用价值等进行了统计分析。结果显示：贵州有毒维管植物有523种,隶属于113科332属,其中优势科为豆科、菊科、夹竹桃科、大戟科、天南星科,优势属为杜鹃属、大戟属、茄属、天南星属。生活型以草本植物最多48.56%,灌木次之。在黔南和黔西南有毒物种分布较丰富；有毒部位以全株有毒为主,占42.48%；毒性成分以甙类为主,占43.40%；以消化系统急性中毒症状为主,占65.97%。药用植物以全株药用为主,占41.49%,功能主治用于骨伤科最多,占42.26%。贵州各民族对有毒植物利用历史悠久,尤其在食用、药用、装饰、侵染等方面,其中45种可食用、138种可观赏、201种有经济价值、478种可药用。因此,厘清贵州有毒植物资源,对深入研究和合理利用开发具有重要的参考价值。 |
| 关键词: 贵州 有毒维管植物 分布特征 开发利用 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:贵州省教育厅自然科学项目(黔教合KY[2021]076).[ |
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| Investigation and Research of Poisonous Vascular Plant Resources in Guizhou Province |
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涂国章, 张显强
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| Abstract: |
| Poisonous plants pose a serious threat to people's health and public safety. Strengthen the investigation and identification of poisonous plant resources, effectively avoid the risk of toxicity, and provide reference for the better development and application of poisonous plant resources. According to literature collection and field investigation of poisonous vascular plants in Guizhou, The resource distribution, life type composition, toxicity characteristics and utilization value of the species were analyzed statistically. The results showed that there are 523 species of poisonous vascular plants in Guizhou, belonging to 332 genera in 113 families, among which the dominant families are Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Araceae, the dominant genera are Rhododendron, Euphorbia, Solanum and Arisaema. The life type is mostly herbaceous plants, accounting for 48.56%; Poisonous species are more abundant in southern and southwestern Guizhou; The poisonous parts are mainly toxic by the whole plant, accounting for 42.48%;The poisonous components are mainly glycosides, accounting for 43.40%;The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning of the digestive system are the most common, accounting for 65.97%;45 species are edible plants, 138 species are ornamental plants, 201 species are economic plants, and 478 species are medicinal plants. Medicinal plants were mainly whole plants, accounting for 41.49%, and the main medicinal functions were used in orthopedics, accounting for 42.26%. All ethnic minorities in Guizhou have always attached great importance to the development and utilization of poisonous plants, especially in the aspects of food, medicine, decoration and infection, which are gradually mature, and the trend of ethnic characteristics, scale and industrialization is obvious. Therefore, clarifying the toxic vascular plant resources in Guizhou has important reference value for rational utilization and in-depth development of natural resources |
| Key words: Guizhou., Poisonous vascular plants ., feature analysis., development and utilization. |
