| 摘要: |
| 湿地是自然界生物多样性丰富、人类赖以生存和发展的环境之一，在生态系统中扮演着十分重要的角色。以往对湿地鱼类的研究一直相对匮乏，不利于进行湿地保护和湿地公园的开发和建设，本研究基于2021—2022年期间对海口市典型湿地——五源河湿地公园的鱼类群落调查数据，研究了该湿地公园鱼类群落结构及多样性。调查发现该湿地公园鱼类70种，隶属9目28科61属，其中纯淡水鱼类41种，河口鱼类29种；纯淡水鱼类中土著鱼类29种，外来鱼类12种；受威胁鱼类6种，海南特有种2种。湿地公园鱼类生态类型以杂食性、底层性、定居性鱼类为主；海南似鱎（Toxabramis houdemeri）、齐氏非鲫（Coptodon zillii）、须鲫（Carassioides acuminatus）、豹纹翼甲鲇（Pterygoplichthys pardalis）为该湿地公园的优势种；鱼类群落的Shannon-Weiner指数、Margalef指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数平均值分别为2.11、5.19、0.59和0.26。结果表明，五源河湿地公园的鱼类多样性较高，但部分河段受到外来物种入侵和人为干扰的影响较大，亟需实施针对性的保护措施。 |
| 关键词: 五源河湿地公园 群落结构 鱼类多样性 外来鱼类 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2023.06.001 |
| 分类号:S9 |
| 基金项目:海南省自然科学基金项目（320MS117）；海南省科技项目（ZDYF2023SHFZ132）；海南省科技项目（ZDYF2021XDNY299）；海南省海洋与渔业科学院省本级项目（KYL-2022-13）；海南省自然科学基金项目（320ＲC748） |
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| Study on fish community structure and diversity of Wuyuan River National Wetland Park in Haikou |
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LI Gaojun1, ZHAO Guangjun1, GU Yuan1, CAI Xingwei1, GU Dangen2, YU Fandong2, LI Fangyuan1, DONG Yang1, CHEN Zhi3, SHEN Zhixin1
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1.Hainan Academy of Ocean ang Fisheries Sciences， Research Center for Freshwater Bioresource and Eco-environment Protection in Hainan Province ， Haikou 571126， Hainan， China;2.Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Speciess， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Guangzhou 510380， Guangdong， China;3.Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources， Ministry of Education， Hainan Tropical Ocean University，Sanya 572022， Hainan， China
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| Abstract: |
| Wetlands are one of the environments where biodiversity is abundant in nature and human survival and development rely on， playing a very important role in ecosystems. However， the limited studies on wetland fish in the past are not conductive to wetland conservation as well as the construction and development of wetlands. In this study， we conducted fish surveys from 2021 to 2022 in the Wuyuan River Wetland Park， a typical wetland in Haikou City， to reveal the fish community composition and biodiversity. Our results showed that： a species pool of 70 species belonging to 61 genera， 28 families and 9 orders were collected， with 41 species dwelling in freshwater and 29 species dwelling in brackish water； among the freshwater fishes in the wetland park， there were 29 native species， 12 exotic species， 6 threatened species， and 2 endemic species of Hainan Province； omnivorous， demersal and resident fishes were the dominant fish ecological types in the Wuyuan River Wetland Park； the dominant species in the wetland park were Toxabramis houdemeri， Coptodon zillii， Carassioides acuminatus， and Pterygoplichthys pardalis； the average values of the Shannon-Weiner index， Margalef index， Pielou’s evenness index， and Simpson index were 2.11， 5.19， 0.59， and 0.26， respectively. The results indicate that the fish diversity in Wuyuan River Wetland Park is relatively high， but some river sections are greatly affected by invasive alien species and human interference， and targeted protection measures are urgently needed. |
| Key words: Wuyuan River Wetland Park community structure fish diversity non-native fish |
