| 摘要: |
| 海洋活化石——鲎（hòu）是十分宝贵的自然资源，在科研、经济、生态等方面都有着不可估量的价值。鲎作为古老的海洋底栖动物被过度捕捞，现已到了枯竭的程度，2021年2月，我国《国家重点保护野生动物名录》正式更新和发布，我国海域的中国鲎和圆尾鲎被列为国家二级保护动物。为推动鲎研究和有效制定实施鲎资源的保护措施，本文主要从鲎的生物学研究、资源利用和生态保护三个方面入手，瞄准鲎的分类学问题、鲎的生物学前沿问题包括神经系统、视觉系统、消化系统、循环系统、生殖与发育和共附生微生物等、生态保护现状以及存在的问题等方面国内外的研究进展进行综述，明确研究重点和难点的同时，扩大对鲎的认知。 |
| 关键词: 鲎 生物学研究 资源利用 生态保护 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2022.04.002 |
| 分类号:Q95 |
| 基金项目:南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（广州）人才团队引进重大专项（GML2019ZD0402） |
|
| Advances in the study of marine living fossil-horseshoe crab |
|
HUANG Wenjing1, ZHANG Jing2,4, CUI Linqing2,3, ZHAO Hui1
|
|
1.College of Chemistry and Environment， Guangdong Ocean University， Zhanjiang 524088， Guangdong， China;2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory （Guangzhou）， Guangzhou 511458， Guangdong， China;3.Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology， South China Sea Institute of Oceanology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guangzhou 510301， Guangdong， China;4.Marine Environmental Engineering Center， South China Sea Institute of Oceanology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Guangzhou 510301， Guangdong ， China
|
| Abstract: |
| Horseshoe crab is one of the precious natural bioresources with inestimable value in scientific research， economy， ecology and so on. As an ancient marine benthic animal， the horseshoe crab is now an overfished， endangered biological resource. In February 2021， the “List of Key Protected Wild Animals in China” was officially updated and announced， and Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda in China’s waters were listed as the national second-class protected animals. In order to promote research on the horseshoe crab and effectively formulate and implement conservation measures for the resource， this paper reviews the research progress of horseshoe crab from three aspects： biology research， resource utilization and ecological protection， and focuses on the taxonomic opinions， the nervous system， visual system， digestive system， circulatory system， reproduction and development， symbiotic microorganisms， and the current status and problems of resource use and ecological conservation. The paper also intends to expand people’s understanding of horseshoe crab. |
| Key words: horseshoe crab biology research resource utilization ecological protection |
