| 摘要: |
| 曼氏无针乌贼（Sepiella maindroni）和金乌贼（Sepia esculenta）的内骨骼称为海螵蛸，可用于制酸、止血等。通过对曼氏无针乌贼、金乌贼和虎斑乌贼（Sepia pharaonis）内骨骼生化成分的比较，有望实现传统中药海螵蛸原料质量的提升和替代。分别使用烘干干燥法、高温灼烧法、凯氏定氮法、索氏提取法、酸碱浸泡法、茚三酮柱后衍生离子交换色谱法、离子发光色谱法检测水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗甲壳素、氨基酸及矿物质。结果显示：三种内骨骼营养成分中，虎斑乌贼水分和粗蛋白含量最高，分别为（2.52±0.16）%和（3.43±0.10）%；金乌贼灰分和粗脂肪含量最高，分别为（94.7±0.26）%和（0.24±0.04）%；甲壳素含量最高的为曼氏无针乌贼内骨骼，为（9.48±0.36）%，约为其他两种的1.50倍。三种乌贼内骨骼共检出15种氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸（EAA）7种，半必需氨基酸（HEAA）1种，非必需氨基酸（NEAA）7种，三种乌贼骨的EAA/TAA为44.64%~47.09%，符合FAO/WHO中对于蛋白质EAA/TAA的理想评定标准。金乌贼内骨骼的钙含量最高（3.93×105 mg/kg）、曼氏无针乌贼的钠含量最高（1.02×104 mg/kg）、虎斑乌贼的钾含量最高（589.5 mg/kg）。可见三种乌贼内骨骼均是低脂肪、高甲壳素、高矿物质的中药。虎斑乌贼内骨骼蛋白和灰分营养成分含量较为丰富，是否可以作为传统海螵蛸的替代品，值得进一步探讨。 |
| 关键词: 曼氏无针乌贼 金乌贼 虎斑乌贼 内骨骼 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2021.06.006 |
| 分类号:S963 |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助（2020GH02） |
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| Biochemical components of the cuttlebone of three species of cuttlefish |
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TIAN Rui1,2, ZHU Wenjing2, BIAN Li2, XU Zhengxin2, LI Fenghui2, CHEN Siqing2, CHEN Chengxun1
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1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture， College of Fisheries， Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300384， China;2.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes/Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology （Qingdao）， Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Qingdao 266071， Shandong， China
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| Abstract: |
| The cuttlebone of Sepiella maindroni and Sepia esculenta is called cuttlebone， which can be used for acid suppression and hemostasis. By comparing the biochemical components of the cuttlebone of S. maindroni， S. esculenta and S. pharaonis， it is expected to improve and replace the quality of cuttlebone raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine. Moisture， ash， crude protein， crude fat， crude chitin， amino acids and minerals were detected by drying method， high temperature ignition method， Kjeldahl method， Soxhlet extraction method， acid-base soaking method， ninhydrin post-column derivatization ion exchange chromatography， and ion luminescence chromatography， respectively. S. pharaonis had the highest moisture and crude protein contents， which were （2.52±0.16）% and （3.43±0.10）%， respectively. The highest ash （94.70±0.26）% and crude fat contents （0.24±0.04）% were found in S. esculenta. The highest chitin content was found in the cuttlebone of S. maindroni （9.48±0.36）%， which was about 1.50 times higher than the other two species. A total of 15 kinds of amino acids were detected in the three cuttlebones， including 7 kinds of essential amino acids （EAA）， 1 kind of semi-essential amino acids （HEAA） and 7 kinds of non-essential amino acids （NEAA）. The EAA/TAA of the three cuttlebones ranged from 44.64% to 47.09%， which met the ideal evaluation criteria for protein EAA/TAA in FAO/WHO. The Ca2+ content of S. esculenta was higher （3.93×105 mg/kg）， the Na+ content of S. maindroni was the highest （1.02×104 mg/kg）， and the K+ content of S. pharaonis was the highest （589.50 mg/kg）. All three cuttlebones are potential traditional Chinese medicines with low fat， high chitin， and high minerals. The cuttlebone of S. pharaonis is rich in ash and crude protein， and whether it can be used as an alternative to traditional cuttlebone needs further exploration. |
| Key words: Sepiella maindroni Sepia esculenta Sepia pharaonis cuttlebone |
