| 摘要: |
| 密云水库作为北京的水源地，其生态安全备受关注。增殖放流鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和鳙（Hypophthalmichthys nobilis）已成为多年来改善密云水库水质的重要措施。为进一步提升水质改善效果、提出基于生态系统管理的增殖放流优化方案，需要开展水库生态系统结构与物质流动特征研究。本研究根据已发表的生态环境调查数据及现场实测数据，运用碳氮稳定同位素技术确定鲢和鳙食物组成，并将其作为输入参数构建了2017年密云水库生态系统Ecopath模型。结果显示：鲢摄食悬浮有机颗粒物的比例高于鳙；鲢、鳙、浮游植物和碎屑的生态传递效率分别为0.62、0.75、0.49和0.39；营养级I和营养级II的总流量分别占系统总流量的68.2%和30.6%；系统中物质的总平均传递效率为7.2%；总初级生产量与总呼吸量比、总初级生产量与总生物量比、总生物量与系统总流量比分别为1.711，77.119和0.005，与部分湖库相比，密云水库生态系统成熟度处于较高水平。基于研究结果，建议采取提高碎屑食性鱼类增殖放流比例，开展长时间尺度研究等管理措施，以促进生物资源合理利用和生态系统的发育与稳定。 |
| 关键词: 密云水库 Ecopath模型 生态系统结构 物质流动 增殖放流 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2021.03.011 |
| 分类号:Q147 |
| 基金项目:北京市自然科学基金（J150001） |
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| Ecosystem structure and material flows of Miyun Reservoir based on the Ecopath model |
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LI Chang1,2, ZHANG Xin3, ZHAO Long3, LI Lei1, WANG Jingshi3, LI Yanan3
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1.Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute， Beijing 100048， China;2.Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100085， China;3.Beijing Administration Office of Miyun Reservoir， Beijing 101512， China
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| Abstract: |
| As the water source of Beijing， the ecological security of Miyun Reservoir has caused great concern. Stock enhancement of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis has become important measures to improve the water quality of Miyun Reservoir in recent years. In order to improve the effect of water quality improvement and put forward the optimization scheme of stock enhancement based on ecosystem management， it is necessary to study the structure and characteristics of material flows of Miyun Reservoir ecosystem. The published eco-environment survey and field data of Miyun Reservoir， and the food compositions data of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis which were analyzed by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios， were used to establish an Ecopath model of Miyun Reservoir in 2017. The results showed that compared with Hypophthalmichthys nobilis， suspended particulate organic matter took a higher proportion in the food contribution for Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The ecotrophic efficiency values of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix， Hypophthalmichthys nobilis， phytoplankton and detritus were 0.62， 0.75， 0.49 and 0.39， respectively. Total flows of trophic level I and level II accounted for 68.2% and 30.6% of total system throughput， respectively， and the total mean transfer efficiency was 7.2%. The ratios of total primary production to total respiration， total primary production to total biomass， and total biomass to total system throughput were 1.711， 77.119， and 0.005， respectively. Compared with some other water areas， Miyun Reservoir is of higher level in ecosystem maturity. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the proportion of stock enhancement of detritus-feeding fishes should be increased， and long time-scale research and other management measures should be taken to promote the rational utilization of biotic resources and the healthy development of Miyun Reservoir ecosystem. |
| Key words: Miyun Reservoir Ecopath model ecosystem structure material flow stock enhancement |
