| 摘要: |
| 为了有效地保护和利用长白山自然保护区野生有毒植物资源，本研究对该保护区野生有毒植物资源的种类、生境、濒危程度、有毒部位和有毒成分进行研究。结果表明，长白山自然保护区的野生有毒植物种类有52科132属193种3亚种11变种，共207分类群；生境以山坡草地最多，山地和林缘次之。其中濒危植物有40种，中国物种红色名录种有7种，保护级别为国家和省级的各有9种和26种，为长白山自然保护区的有18种，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）评估等级的有7种。长白山自然保护区野生有毒植物中，全株有毒的有116种，占总数的56.04%，其他为部分有毒。有毒成分较为复杂，主要有生物碱类、非蛋白氨基酸、萜类化合物、甙类化合物等，大部分还未开发利用。 |
| 关键词: 长白山自然保护区 有毒植物 有毒成分 濒危植物 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.06.001 |
| 分类号:Q949.98 |
| 基金项目:吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目（JJKH20200523KJ）；延边大学中青年科技计划项目（201816） |
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| Study on wild poisonous plant resources and toxic components in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve |
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JIANG Ying1, QUAN Xueli1,2, PIAO Chengri3, JIN Yinghua1,2
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1.Agricultural College of Yanbian University， Yanji 133002， Jilin， China;2.Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain， Ministry of Education， Yanbian University， Yanji 133002， Jilin， China;3.Yanbian Agricultural Science Academy， Longjing 133400， Jilin， China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to protect and utilize the wild poisonous plant resources in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve more effectively， the species， habitat， degree of endangerment， toxic parts and toxic components were studied in this study. The results showed that there were 52 families， 132 genera， 193 species， 3 subspecies and 11 varieties of wild poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve， total 207 taxa. The habitat was mostly hillside grassland， followed by mountain and forest margin. There were 40 species of endangered plants， 7 species in the Red List of Chinese Species， 9 species in the national and 26 in the provincial protection levels， 18 species in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and 7 in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources （IUCN） assessment levels. Among the wild poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve， 116 species of the whole plant are poisonous， accounting for 56.04% of the total. The toxic components are complex， mainly alkaloids， non-protein amino acids， terpenoids， glycosides and so on， most of which have not been developed and utilized. |
| Key words: Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve poisonous plant toxic component endangered plant |
