| 摘要: |
| 餐厨垃圾产生量大、成分复杂、具有“危害性”和“资源性”的双重属性，随着垃圾分类工作的推进，将餐厨垃圾作为一种生物资源回收其中的资源和能源的研究受到了越来越多的关注。本文介绍了餐厨垃圾的成分特性及预分选方法，对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化、好氧堆肥、生物饲料、昆虫养殖、热处理技术及生物炼制生产高附加值化学品等主要的资源化利用途径进行了分析，并对餐厨垃圾收集及资源化过程中产生的恶臭气体、废水污染问题及处理方法进行了介绍。最后指出餐厨垃圾厌氧消化、昆虫养殖、好氧堆肥及生物饲料技术工业化利用过程中的设备运行的稳定性及其废水和臭气的控制问题仍需进一步的研究。餐厨垃圾热处理过程如何进一步降低能耗及开发高附加值的功能炭材料是未来的重要发展方向，餐厨垃圾生物炼制生产高附加值化学品是实现餐厨垃圾高值化利用的有效途径，也是替代传统化工路线生产化学品的重要路径。总之，采用多技术耦合是实现餐厨垃圾“减量化、无害化、资源化”的有效手段，也是发展我国循环经济发展的必然要求。 |
| 关键词: 餐厨垃圾 预分选方法 资源化利用 污染控制 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.01.012 |
| 分类号:X703 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0112800）；国家自然科学基金（21777069；51978595）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划（对外科技合作专项（2019BFH02008 |
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| Research status and prospect of food waste utilization technology |
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ZHOU Jun1,2,WANG Mengyao1,WANG Gaihong1,MA Liqin1,LUO Liwen2
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1.WONG Jonathan Woon Chung2;2.College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering， Nanjing Tech University， Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
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| Abstract: |
| Food waste is large in quantity, complex in composition, and has the dual characteristics of “harmfulness” and “resources”. With the development of waste separation, more attention will be paid to the recycling of food waste. This review introduces the characteristics of food waste and its pre-sorting methods. Meanwhile, the main utilization methods of food waste including anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, biological feed, insect breeding, heat treatment, and bio-refining of high value-added chemicals are stated. The environmental issues, such as odor emission and water pollution, generated in the food waste pre-/post-treatment procedures are demonstrated as well. In addition, here we have pointed out how to maintain the stability of equipment during operation and control relevant water and air pollutions during different food waste treatment processes. The energetic and economic considerations, which reduce energy consumption and improve high value-added carbon-base material, will be important for further development treating food waste. On this aspect, bio-refining is regarded as an effective technology to generate high value-added chemicals from food waste, which has great potential to instead of the traditional chemical industry routes for producing chemicals. Therefore, the combination of different technologies is necessary to treat and utilize food waste effectively. This helps to achieve the goal of the reduction, harmless and recycling of food waste, also fulfill the requirement of the bio-circular economy and sustainable development. |
| Key words: food waste pre-sorting method resource utilization pollution control |
