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| 软枣猕猴桃控制授粉对果实和种子的影响 |
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杨瑞平1,2,安成立2,刘占德2,岳秀琴3,胡满1,2,3,陈阳3,唐伯平1
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1.盐城师范学院,江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室/江苏省滩涂生物资源与环境保护重点实验室/江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心;2.西北农林科技大学，陕西 杨凌，712100;3.杨凌成磊农业科技研究所,陕西 杨凌,712100
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| 摘要: |
| 为了研究软枣猕猴桃授粉规律，以11年生软枣猕猴桃紫果3号为试验材料，设置剪留花柱数量为0、2、5、8、11、14、17和23（全留对照组）共8个处理。人工授粉，收获后调查测定其单果重、坐果率、果型指数、果实可溶性固形物含量和果实内含种子数量。结果表明：随着授粉柱头数的增加，单果重等主要指标相应增加；当授粉柱头数增至为8时，其果型指数和果实可溶性固形物含量与对照全留柱头23相比差异不明显；当授粉柱头数增至为11时，其单果重、坐果率和果实内含种子数量与对照全留柱头23相比差异不明显。据此软枣猕猴桃充分授粉的数量级指标为11，当授粉柱头数小于11时，产量降低、品质下降；当授粉柱头大于11时，浪费花粉。生产上可利用猕猴桃精准充分授粉技术，节约使用花粉或减少果园雄株数量，以提高生产效率。 |
| 关键词: 软枣猕猴桃 控制授粉 单果重 可溶性固形物 种子数量 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.01.007 |
| 分类号:S663.4 |
| 基金项目:国家科技部星火计划（编号：2012GA105008）；江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室开放课题（JKLBS2019005） |
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| Effect of controlled pollination on fruit and seed of Actinidia argute |
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YANG Ruiping1,2,AN Chengli2,LIU Zhande2,YUE Xiuqin3,HU Man1,2,3,CHEN Yang3,TANG Boping1
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1.Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu, China;2.Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, China;3.Yangling Chenglei Research Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to study the pollination rule of Actinidia argute, we took 11 years old Actinidia argute purple fruit No.3 as materials, and set 8 treatment groups (0,2,5,8,11,14,17,23) according to the number of reserved pollinated stigmas. All of them were artificially pollinated. Some indexes were measured after harvest, including fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit soluble solid contents and the seed number. The results showed that with the increase of pollination stigma number, the main indexes increased accordingly. When the pollination stigmas were 8, fruit shape and fruit soluble solids contents had no significant difference with control group （the pollination stigmas were 23）. When the most number of stigmas reserved was 11, the indicators of fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, and the seed number had no difference in indexes compared with the control group （the pollination stigmas were 23）. When pollinated stigma number was less than 11, yield reduced and quality declined. When the pollination stigmas were more than 11, pollens were wasted. So the order of magnitude index for fully pollination of Actinidia argute is 11. Accurate and sufficient pollination technology can be used in production to save the use of pollen or reduce the number of male orchard plants to improve the production efficiency. |
| Key words: Actinidia argute controlled pollination single fruit weight soluble solid content seed number |
