| 摘要: |
| 病毒作为地球上最简单的生命形式，通过感染人、动物和植物等寄主产生传染性疾病。与其他微生物相比，病毒具有基因组小、复制量大、遗传操作简单等特点，具有很强的生物资源属性。过去几十年，对植物病毒的研究主要集中于解析其致病机制、植物的抗性机制及如何防控植物病害。但是随着研究的深入及概念的革新，人们发现植物病毒还具有很强的生物资源属性。随着分子生物学以及基因组、转录组、蛋白组学等技术的发展，越来越多的植物病毒被发现、改造和利用。本综述着重围绕植物病毒的资源属性与病毒载体的改造利用及其在生物工程方面的应用等最新研究进展，讨论其广泛的应用前景，挖掘其资源化的潜力。 |
| 关键词: 植物病毒 生物资源 生态功能 纳米材料 媒介昆虫 病毒表达载体 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2020.01.001 |
| 分类号:Q812 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（31830073）；国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金（31522046）；中国科学院STS项目广西甘蔗产业科技专项(KFJ-STS-QYZD-199) |
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| Current status and future prospects of plant viruses in biotechnological applications |
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WANG Duan1,2,YE Jian1,2
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1.State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics， Institute of Microbiology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100101, China;2.CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| As the simplest and non-cellular life forms on earth, viruses cause infectious diseases by infecting human, animal and plant. Viruses are also regarded as important biological resources attributing to their small genome size, high replication capacity, and easy genetic engineering, compared with other forms of microorganisms. Researches were mainly focusing on identifying viruses as one major source of pathogens and how to prevent these plant viral diseases. Important progresses have been made in the last decade about their roles and mechanisms in ecosystems for plant viruses. Almost 80% of the biomass on earth is made of plants. Plant viruses affect multiple layers of healthy ecosystem on earth. Viruses are now recognized as playing important ecological roles in influencing many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. With the advancement of technologies in molecular biology, genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, new viruses have been identified and novel viral vectors, virus-based bioreactors have been engineered for further biotechnological utilizations. The potential of bioresource utilization of plant virus and its application in bioeconomy are also discussed. |
| Key words: plant virus bioresource ecological function nanomaterial vector insect viral expression vector |
