| 摘要: |
| 酪蝇（Piophila casei）是干腌火腿生产过程中最具危害性的害虫且防治难度极大，本研究旨在针对其开发一种兼顾高效杀虫与食品安全的绿色防治方法。通过筛选具有显著驱避活性的植物材料，利用其精油中可食性主要成分对酪蝇幼虫和成虫进行毒力测试，并对主要活性成分进行复配增效研究，最终通过工厂防虫实验与涂膜剂产卵趋避实验验证防治效果。结果显示，橙皮、樟叶和紫苏叶对酪蝇具有显著驱避活性，且其气味清淡，不影响火腿原有香气。柠檬烯表现出良好毒力，对成虫和幼虫的LC50和LD50分别为1.4969 μL/L和0.3884 μL/L。柠檬烯与甲酸戊酯按3:1复配后，共毒因子和共毒系数分别为32.13和144.0，显示出显著增效作用。工厂熏蒸实验表明，该复配配方处理7天后虫口减退率达80%以上，持效期10–15天；与传统猪油涂膜剂结合使用后，对酪蝇产卵趋避率达82.26 ± 20.53%。该复配剂对酪蝇防治效果良好，且所有成分均符合GB 2760-2024国家标准，具备良好的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 干腌火腿 酪蝇 植物源杀虫剂 |
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| 基金项目:云南农业职业技术学院科研项目 |
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| Screening of food-derived insecticides against Piophila casei in cured hams |
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| Abstract: |
| Piophila casei is the most destructive pest in dry-cured ham production and extremely difficult to control. This study aimed to develop a green control method that balances high insecticidal efficacy with food safety. The approach involved screening plant materials with significant repellent activity against P. casei, testing the toxicity of edible main components in their essential oils against both larvae and adults, optimizing synergistic formulations by combining key active ingredients, and validating the control effect through factory-based pest control experiments and oviposition repellency tests with coating agents. The results showed that orange peel, camphor leaves, and perilla leaves exhibited significant repellent activity against P. casei, with mild odors that did not affect the original aroma of the ham. Limonene demonstrated strong toxicity, with LC50 and LD50 values of 1.4969?μL/L and 0.3884?μL/L for adults and larvae, respectively. A 3:1 formulation of limonene and amyl formate showed significant synergistic effects, with a co?toxicity factor and co?toxicity coefficient of 32.13 and 144.0, respectively. Factory fumigation experiments indicated that after 7 days of treatment with this formulation, the pest population decreased by over 80%, with a residual efficacy lasting 10–15 days. When combined with traditional lard?based coating, the formulation achieved an oviposition repellency rate of 82.26?±?20.53%. The combined formulation exhibited effective control against P. casei, and all its components comply with the Chinese national standard GB?2760?2024, demonstrating promising application prospects. |
| Key words: Dry-cured ham Piophila casei Botanical insecticides |
