| 摘要: |
| 蜜蜂和胡蜂蜂毒均有祛风、解毒、抗菌、消炎和缓解胀痛等功效。人们对蜜蜂蜂毒成份已有较深入的认识，但对胡蜂蜂毒成份知之甚少。为提高胡蜂蜂毒的应用价值，有必要充分认识蜜蜂蜂毒和胡蜂蜂毒成分差异。本研究以3种常见的人工养殖胡蜂(黄脚胡蜂、基胡蜂和金环胡蜂)和西方蜜蜂为对象，测量不同产毒蜂个体大小和毒囊大小，分析蜂毒的多肽和蛋白成分、氨基酸和5-羟色胺含量，以及磷脂酶A和透明质酸酶活性等。结果表明，三种胡蜂个体和毒囊均大于蜜蜂，因而胡蜂可产生更多蜂毒。胡蜂和蜜蜂蜂毒成分存在差异，胡蜂蜂毒存在大量未被注释的多肽和蛋白。胡蜂和西方蜜蜂蜂毒的多肽、蜂毒过敏原、磷脂酶A等成分并不相同。胡蜂蜂毒和蜜蜂蜂毒的18种常见氨基酸平均含量存在差异。此外，胡蜂蜂毒的5-羟色胺含量显著高于蜜蜂蜂毒的5-羟色胺含量，但胡蜂蜂毒的磷脂酶A和透明质酸酶活性显著低于蜜蜂蜂毒的活性。胡蜂蜂毒和蜜蜂蜂毒成分和含量的差异，表明胡蜂蜂毒具有极大的开发利用空间。研究结果为科学利用胡蜂蜂毒奠定了理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 蜂毒，人工养殖胡蜂，多肽和蛋白，磷脂酶A，透明质酸酶，5-羟色胺 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q；S8；R2 |
| 基金项目:本研究受云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202405AC350077) 和云南省基础研究计划项目(202401AS070015和202301AT070432)资助。 |
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| Venom trait differences between commonly reared hornets and the Western honeybee |
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Juan XU1,2, 冯璇璇
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1.Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming,;2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects
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| Abstract: |
| In traditional Chinese medicine, honeybee venom and hornet venom are widely used for dispelling wind, detoxifying, combating microbes, reducing inflammation, and relieving distension and pain. The components of honeybee venom have been well characterized; nevertheless, those of hornet venom remain largely unexplored. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the compositional differences between hornet venom and honeybee venom. In this study, three hornet species (Vespa basalis Smith, Vespa mandarina Smith and Vespa velutina Lepeletier) and the Western honeybee (Apis melliferia Linnaeus) were selected to investigate their body sizes and venom sac sizes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for component analysis to identify venom polypeptides and proteins. Additionally, the contents of amino acids and 5-hydroxytryptamine, as well as the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase, were determined. The results showed that hornets had significantly larger body sizes and venom sac sizes than honeybees, indicating that hornets likely produce greater quantities of venom. Despite the lack of reference data in public databases, which hindered the annotation of many polypeptides and proteins, the overall composition of hornet venom was found to differ from that of honeybee venom. Specifically, notable differences were observed in polypeptides, venom allergens, and phospholipases between the two venoms, along with discrepancies in amino acid contents. Moreover, hornet venom contained a significantly higher level of 5-hydroxytryptamine than honeybee venom. Unexpectedly, the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase in hornet venom were significantly lower than those in honeybee venom. Collectively, the unique compositional profile of hornet venom suggests that further research on its components is necessary, which may help to reveal the potential of hornet venom as a medicinal resource. |
| Key words: Venom, Hornet keeping, Polypeptide and protein, Phospholipase, Hyaluronidase, 5-hydroxytryptamine |
