| 摘要: |
| 翼手目动物，通称蝙蝠，其寿命远超同体型的其它哺乳动物类群，对多种高致病性病毒表现出天然耐受力，癌症发病率极低，且是唯一能够主动飞行的哺乳动物类群。这些独特特征使蝙蝠成为抗衰老、病毒免疫、肿瘤抑制及代谢适应的重要研究模型。近年来，来自生态学、演化生物学、基因组学、转录组学、生物化学与分子生物学、动物模型等多方面的证据表明，蝙蝠的长寿与端粒维持、DNA修复和炎症调控密切相关；其病毒耐受性依赖于独特的干扰素系统、炎症小体调控及天然免疫应答模式；其低癌症发生率可能与p53通路增强、基因组稳定性维持及逆转录转座子沉默等机制相关。此外，蝙蝠还演化出高效的能量代谢、抗氧化及血糖调控系统，以满足飞行所需的高能耗。本文系统综述了蝙蝠在衰老、免疫、肿瘤和代谢方面的分子适应机制，并探讨其转化医学潜力，旨在为人类相关疾病的防治提供新思路。未来需整合多学科研究手段，进一步阐明其分子机制，并推动基础发现向临床应用的转化。 |
| 关键词: 蝙蝠，抗衰老，病毒耐受，肿瘤抑制，代谢适应，转化医学 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Prospects of Bats in Biomedical Research |
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| Abstract: |
| Bats (order Chiroptera) are the only mammals capable of powered flight. They exhibit lifespans significantly longer than those of other mammals of similar body size, show natural tolerance to many highly pathogenic viruses, and display remarkably low cancer incidence. These unique traits make bats an important model for studying anti-aging, viral immunity, tumor suppression, and metabolic adaptation. In recent years, evidence from ecology, genomics, transcriptomics, functional assays, and animal models has revealed that bat longevity is closely linked to telomere maintenance, DNA repair, and inflammation regulation; their viral tolerance arises from distinctive interferon systems, inflammasome modulation, and innate immune response patterns; and their low cancer incidence may be associated with enhanced p53 pathways, maintenance of genome stability, and repression of retrotransposons. In addition, bats have evolved highly efficient energy metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and glucose regulation systems to meet the high energetic demands of flight. This review systematically summarizes the molecular adaptations of bats in aging, immunity, cancer, and metabolism, and discusses their potential in translational medicine, with the aim of providing new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Future research should integrate multidisciplinary approaches to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and accelerate the translation of fundamental discoveries into clinical applications. |
| Key words: Bats Anti-aging Viral tolerance Tumor suppression Metabolic adaptation Translational medicine |
